[By Wayne Grudem, 2019]
A Note From The Editors
What is the purpose of business? The answer to this question transcends missions or ideals that project economic value or even social responsibility. A focus on these purposes, as what all secular pursuits would entail, seeks to please man instead of God (Gal. 1:10). The power of higher organizational purpose is in its being aspirational, which inevitably translates into meaning and joy for all those involved. In this CBR issue where we invite examination
of business practices that glorify God, it is critical that we set the stage for why glorifying God is the all-consuming purpose of business. Dr. Wayne Grudem, arguably one of the most prominent evangelical theologians of today, has laid out a simple case for the real purpose of business鈥攖o glorify God, in his book Business for the Glory of God (Wheaton, IL.: Crossway, 2003). We are, therefore, excited to reprint excerpts from the Introduction Chapter
of Dr. Grudem鈥檚 book to help set the tone for the discussions in this issue. We greatly appreciate the author and Crossway for the permission to reprint this material.
Is business basically good or evil? Words like 鈥減rofit,鈥� 鈥渃ompetition,鈥� 鈥渕oney,鈥� and even 鈥渂usiness鈥� carry
negative moral connotations for many people today. And some people who work in the business world even labor under a faint cloud of guilt, thinking that their work may be necessary, but that, from a moral perspective, it is probably 鈥渘eutral鈥� at best. Very few people instinctively think of business as morally good in itself. Recent business scandals regarding dishonest and illegal activities by giant companies such as Enron and by formerly revered accounting firms such as Arthur Andersen have made it more likely that people will suspect that there must be
something in business that inherently tends to wrongdoing. Therefore, the idea of business itself comes under a dark
cloud of suspicion. But is that right?
As for the relationship of business to serving God, when people ask how their lives can 鈥済lorify God,鈥� they aren鈥檛
usually told, 鈥淕o into business.鈥� When students ask, 鈥淗ow can I serve God with my life?鈥� they don鈥檛 often hear the answer, 鈥淕o into business.鈥� When someone explains to a new acquaintance, 鈥淚 work in such-and-such a business,鈥� he doesn鈥檛 usually hear the response, 鈥淲hat a great way to glorify God!鈥� But I am going to argue that many aspects of business activity are morally good in themselves, and that, in themselves, they bring glory to God鈥攖hough they also have great potential for misuse and wrongdoing. I realize that to many people, the expression 鈥済lorifying
God鈥� sounds like鈥攚ell, it just sounds like it belongs in church, not in the business world. When people hear the
phrase 鈥済lorifying God,鈥� it probably first implies worship鈥� singing praise to God and giving thanks to Him. Then it
might suggest evangelism鈥攇lorifying God by telling others about Him. It might even suggest giving鈥攇lorifying God
by contributing money to evangelism, to building up the church, and to the needs of the poor. Or it might suggest
moral living鈥攁cting in a way that honors God. Finally, the expression 鈥済lorifying God鈥� might suggest a life of faith鈥�
depending on God in prayer and in our daily attitudes of the heart. These five鈥攚orship, evangelism, giving, moral living, and faith鈥攁re certainly appropriate ways to glorify God. But they are not the focus here. Instead, I want to look at business in itself鈥攏ot just the ways business can contribute to work the church is already doing. Specifically, I want to look at the following aspects of business activity:
- Ownership
- Productivity
- Employment
- Commercial transactions (buying and selling)
- Profit
- Money
- Inequality of possessions
- Competition
- Borrowing and lending
- Attitudes of the heart
- Effect on world poverty.
But first, we need to consider two introductory points, the first dealing with the imitation of God, and the second
dealing with moral wrongdoing, or sin.
Imitation: God Enjoys Seeing His Character Reflected In Our Lives
One way we can glorify God is often overlooked and is the key to understanding why God made the world
the way he did. It is also the key to understanding why God gave us the moral commands he did. And it is the
key to understanding why human beings have an instinctive drive to work, to be productive, to invent, to earn and save and give, and to do the thousands of specific activities that fill our days. This additional way to glorify God is imitation鈥攊mitation of the attributes of God. God created us so that we would imitate him and so that
he could look at us and see something of his wonderful attributes reflected in us. The first chapter of the Bible tells
us, So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.
(Gen. 1:27 ESV)
To be in God鈥檚 image means to be like God and to represent God on the earth. This means that God created us to be more like him than anything else he made. He delights to look at us and see in us a reflection of his excellence. After God had created Adam and Eve,
God saw everything he had made, and behold, it wasvery good. (Gen. 1:31)
He looked at his creation and took delight in it鈥攜es, in all of iit, but especially in human beings made in his image. This is why Paul commands us,
Be imitators of God, as beloved children. (Eph. 5:1)
If you are a parent, you know the special joy that comes when you see your children imitating your good qualities and following the moral standards you have tried to model. When we feel that joy as parents, it is just a faint echo of what God feels when he sees us, as his children, imitating his excellent qualities. 鈥淏e imitators of God, as beloved children.鈥� This idea of imitating God explains many of the commands in the Bible. For instance, 鈥淲e love because he first loved us鈥� (1 John 4:19). We imitate God鈥檚 love when we act in love. Or, 鈥淵ou shall be holy, for I am holy鈥� (1 Pet. 1:16, quoting Lev. 11:44). Similarly, Jesus taught, 鈥淏e merciful, even as your Father is merciful鈥� (Luke 6:36). And he also said, 鈥淵ou therefore must be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect鈥� (Matt. 5:48). God wants us to be like him.
The idea of imitating God鈥檚 character so that he will take delight in us explains other moral commands in the Bible as well. For example, God wants us to tell the truth and not lie because he is the God 鈥渨ho never lies鈥� (Titus 1:2). He
commands us not to commit adultery because he is a God who is faithful to his
covenant commitments and he delights in seeing us be faithful to the covenant of marriage (see Mal. 2:14). And God
commands children to 鈥渉onor your father and your mother鈥� (Ex. 20:12; quoted in Eph. 6:2), as a reflection of the honor that the Son gives to the Father in the Trinity. God created us in such a way that we would want to imitate his character. He created us in such a way that we would take spontaneous delight in seeing reflections of his character
in our own actions and in the actions of others. Though this process is now marred by sin, we will see it happening
to some extent. We feel a deep, fulfilling kind of joy and satisfaction in telling the truth (because God is truthful),
treating others fairly (because God is fair and just), acting in love toward other people (because God is love), being faithful to our marriages and keeping our word in other commitments (because God is faithful), and so forth. We also enjoy seeing other people act in these ways because, in those actions, we catch a glimpse of the character of God. In this way, we can begin to understand how to fulfill the command, 鈥淪o, whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God鈥� (1 Cor. 10:31).
. . . many aspects of business activity are morally good in themselves, and that in themselves they bring glory to God…
But Sin Does Not Glorify God
However, it is absolutely important to realize that we should never attempt to glorify God by acting in ways that disobey his Word. For example, if I were to speak the truth about my neighbor out of a malicious desire to harm him, I would not be glorifying God by imitating his truthfulness, because God鈥檚 truthfulness is always consistent with all his other attributes, including his attribute of love. And when we read about a thief who robbed a bank through
an intricate and skillful plan, we should not praise God for this thief鈥檚 imitation of divine wisdom and skill, for God鈥檚 wisdom is always manifested in ways that are consistent with his moral character, which cannot do evil, and consistent with attributes of love and truthfulness. Thus, we must be careful never to try to imitate
God鈥檚 character in ways that contradict his moral law in the Bible.
Before considering the complex challenges in business ethics, it is immensely valuable to
understand some of the fundamental components of business in themselves. Are things like profits, competition, money, and ownership of possessions always tainted with evil? Or are they merely morally neutral things that can be used for good or for evil? In contrast to those two views, [this book] will argue that they are all fundamentally good things that God has given to the human race, but that they all carry many temptations to misuse and wrongdoing.
With this background, we 鈥onsider specific aspects of business activity and ask how they provide unique opportunities for glorifying God. We will find that in every aspect of business, there are multiple layers of opportunities to give glory to God as well as multiple temptations to sin.
*Taken from Business for the Glory of God by Wayne Grudem, 漏 2003, 鈥淚ntroduction: A Neglected Way to Glorify God.鈥� Used by permission of Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers, Wheaton, IL 60187, www.crossway.org.
About the Author
Dr. Wayne Grudem is Research Professor of Theology and Biblical Studies at Phoenix Seminary in Arizona. He is a graduate of Harvard (BA), Westminster Seminary-Philadelphia (MDiv, DD), and the University of Cambridge (PhD). He has served as the president of the Evangelical Theological Society (1999), as a member of the Translation Oversight Committee for the English Standard
Version of the Bible, and was the General Editor for the ESV Study Bible (2008). He has written more than 20 books, including Systematic Theology, The Gift of Prophecy in the New Testament and Today, Business for the Glory of God, Politics According to the Bible, and (with Barry Asmus) The Poverty of Nations: A Sustainable Solution. He also co-edited (with John Piper) Recovering Biblical
Manhood and Womanhood.